A1.38.2 Spanish grammar: The participle as an adjective and usage with "estar"
Participial adjectives are verb forms that are used as adjectives. They combine with the verb "estar" to describe temporary states or conditions.
Gramática: El participio como adjetivo y uso con "estar"
A1 Spanish Derivational adjectives
Level: A1
Module 6: La ciudad y el pueblo (The city and the village)
Lesson 38: Servicios cotidianos (Everyday services)
Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes
Audio and video
- The participle is used as an adjective when it describes a completed quality or state of a noun.
- The verb 'estar' is used before the participle to indicate a temporary condition.
- Participles can describe emotions, physical states, or momentary situations.
- The participle must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes.
| Terminación | Verbo | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|
| -ar | alquilar | La peluquería alquilada es muy moderna. (The rented hairdresser's is very modern.) |
| -er | vender | El coche vendido pasa por la comisaría (The sold car passes by the police station). |
| -ir | vivir | Las experiencias vividas en la escuela son interesantes. (The experienced events at school are interesting.) |
| -ar | estar + usar | La oficina de correos está usada por otra empresa. (The post office is used by another company.) |
| -er | estar + vender | El hospital está vendido a una empresa grande. (The hospital is sold to a big company.) |
| -ir | estar + vivir | Las historias están vividas por los estudiantes en la universidad. (The stories are lived by the students at the university.) |
Exercise 1: The participle as an adjective and usage with "estar"
Instruction: Choose the correct word, read the sentence out loud and translate.
Show answers Show translationcerradas, abierta, abiertos, usada, alquilada, cerrada, vendido, preparado, preparadas, organizada
1. Cerrar: Las escuelas están ....
2. Organizar: La oficina de correos es ....
3. Vender: El coche ... pasa por la gasolinera.
4. Cerrar: La gasolinera está ... por la noche.
5. Usar: La peluquería es ... por muchos estudiantes.
6. Preparar: Las bibliotecas están ... para el nuevo semestre.
7. Abrir: La farmacia está ... hoy.
8. Alquilar: La oficina es ....
9. Preparar: El hospital está ... para emergencias.
10. Abrir: Los hospitales están ... todos los días.
Exercise 2: Translate and use in a sentence
Instruction: Translate and say the word out loud. Use the word in a sentence.
Show translation|
1.
Organizada
|
(Organised) |
|
2.
Cerradas
|
(Closed) |
|
3.
Cerrada
|
(Closed) |
|
4.
Usada
|
(Used) |
|
5.
Preparado
|
(Prepared) |
|
6.
Preparadas
|
(Prepared) |
|
7.
Alquilada
|
(Rented) |
|
8.
Vendido
|
(Sold) |