Learn Spanish grammar - basic lessons for beginners

Lesson

• What are diminutives?
• Diminutives in Spanish
  • Expressing familarity
  • Expressing endearment
  • Expressing lesser size
  • Expressing lesser intensity
• Diminutives vs. words with similar endings (adjectives, nouns, past participles)

Lesson

• What are "if"-clauses or conditional sentences?
  • Forming conditional tenses in Spanish
• "Si..." in the present simple (indicative) in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• "Si..." in the imperfect past (subjunctive) in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• "If"-clauses in Spanish: past perfect (subjunctive)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is a gerund?
• Gerunds for regular "-ar" verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• Gerunds for regular "-er" and "-ir" verbs
  • Listening exercise
• List of gerunds of common irregular verbs
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Past continuous of regular verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
  • How to form the past continuous?
• Present continuous of regular verbs in Spanish
  • How to form the present continuous?
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is the past participle?
• The past participles of regular verbs in "-ar" in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• The past participle of regular verbs in "-er" and "-ir"
  • Listening exercise
• The past participle of irregular verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is the past perfect tense?
  • How to conjugate the past perfect?
• The past perfect tense of Spanish verbs ending in "-ar"
  • Conjugation of "preguntar" (to ask)
  • Listening exercise
• The past perfect tense of Spanish verbs ending in "-er"
  • Conjugation of "correr" (to run)
  • Listening exercise
• The past perfect tense of Spanish verbs ending in "-ir"
  • Conjugation of "compartir" (to share)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Present perfect tense of Spanish verbs ending in "-ar"
  • Listening exercise
• Present perfect tense of Spanish verbs ending in "-ir"
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• The imperfect past tense of verbs ending in "-ar"
  • Conjugation of the verb "contar" (to tell)
  • Listening exercise
• The imperfect past tense of verbs ending in "-er"
  • Conjugation of the verb "leer" (to read)
  • Listening exercise
• The imperfect past tense of verbs ending in "-ir"
  • Conjugation of the verb "abrir" (to open)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Conjugation of regular Spanish verbs in the simple past
  • Verbs ending in "-ar": conjugation of "caminar" (to walk)
  • Verbs ending in "-er": conjugation of "vender" (to sell)
  • Verbs ending in "-ir": conjugation of "escribir" (to write)

Lesson

• The simple past tense in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• The imperfect past tense in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• The present perfect tense in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• The past perfect tense in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• The present tense of regular verbs in Spanish
  • Verbs ending in "-ar": "hablar" (to speak)
  • Verbs ending in "-er": "comer" (to eat)
  • Verbs ending in "-ir": "vivir" (to live)

Lesson

• Future tense of regular verbs in Spanish
  • Verbs ending in "-ar": conjugation of "hablar"
  • Verbs ending in "-er": conjugation of "comer"
  • Verbs ending in "-ir": conjugation of "vivir"
• Future tense: "ir" + infinitive in Spanish

Lesson

• The most common irregular verbs in Spanish
• Conjugation of the verb "tener" (to have)
• Conjugation of the verb "hacer" (to do/to make)
• Conjugation of the verb "ver" ("to see")
• Conjugation of the verb "ir" ("to go")

Lesson

• Conjugation of "ser" in Spanish
• Conjugation of "estar" in Spanish
• Differences between "ser" and "estar" in Spanish
  • The use of the verb "ser"
  • The use of the verb "estar"

Lesson

• Reflexive pronouns in Spanish
• Reflexive and reflexive verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is an indirect object pronoun?
• Difference between indirect and direct object pronouns in Spanish
• How to use indirect object pronouns
  • Indirect object pronouns: affirmative commands in Spanish
  • Indirect object pronouns: gerunds in Spanish
  • Indirect object pronouns: infinitives in Spanish
• Practise indirect object pronouns in Spanish
  • Singular indirect object pronouns (me, te, le)
  • Plural indirect object pronouns (nos, os, les)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• How to use direct object pronouns in Spanish
  • Direct object pronouns before the verb
  • Direct object pronouns after the verb
• List of direct object pronouns
  • Singular direct object pronouns
  • Plural direct object pronouns
  • Listening exericise

Lesson

• Subject pronouns in Spanish
  • Singular personal pronouns (yo, tú, él, ella)
  • Plural personal pronouns (nosotros, vosotros, ellos)
  • Listening exercise
• Ways of saying "you" in Spanish
  • Informal ways of saying "you" (tú, vosotros)
  • Listening exercise 
  • Formal ways of saying "you" (usted, ustedes)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What are adverbs?
• How to form adverbs
• The different types of adverbs in Spanish
  • Adverbs of time/frequency (yesterday, now, often, ...)
  • Adverbs of place (here, inside, far, ...)
  • Adverbs of manner (well, slowly, ...)
  • Adverbs of quantity (something, nothing, almost, a lot, ...)
  • Adverbs of doubt (probably, maybe, perhaps, ...)
  • Adverbs of affirmation (of course, exactly, also, ...)
  • Adverbs of negation (never, neither, not at all, ...)
• List of common adverbs in Spanish

Lesson

• Question words in Spanish
  • "Qué y cuál" (what and which)
  • "Cuándo" (when)
  • "Dónde" (where)
  • "Cómo" (how)
  • "Cuánto/s & Cuánta/s" (how much/how many)
  • Listening exercise
• Prepositions with question words in Spanish
  • "Por qué" (why)
  • "Para qué" (what...for)
  • "De quién" (whose/who)
  • "Con quién" (who...with/with...whom)
  • "Adónde" (where...to)
  • "De qué" (of what/what)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• The conjunction "y"(and)
• Conjunction "pero" (but)
• The conjunction "o" (or)
• Conjunction "porque" (because)
• Conjunction "si" (if)
• Conjunction "que" (that)
• List of common Spanish conjunctions
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Indefinite adjectives in Spanish (some, all, many, other...)
  • Listening exercise
• List of indefinite adjectives (enough, any, such, too much...)
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Spanish adjective agreement
  • Gender agreement of adjectives
  • Plural agreement of adjectives
  • Listening exercise
• Word order of adjectives in a sentence in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Recognising the gender of nouns in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
  • Singular nouns: ending with a consonant 
  • Same endings for masculine and feminine nouns
  • Singular masculine nouns
  • Singular nouns with different meanings
  • Different nouns for the masculine and feminine nouns
• Forming the plural of nouns in Spanish
  • Plural nouns: ending in "-es"
  • Plural nouns: ending with accented vowel
  • Plural nouns: ending in "-z"
  • Exceptions to the rules of agreement: plural nouns
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What are comparatives and superlatives?
• Comparative adjectives in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• Superlative adjectives in Spanish 
  • Relative superlatives
  • Absolute superlatives
  • Irregular superlative adjectives
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is the imperative mood?
• How and when to use the imperative form in Spanish
• Informal imperatives: conjugation in Spanish (tú, vosotros...)
  • Tú (you - singular)
  • Nosotros (we - plural)
  • Vosotros (you - plural)
• Formal imperatives: conjugation in Spanish (usted, ustedes...)
  • Usted (you - singular)
  • Ustedes (you - plural)
• Negative imperative in Spanish
  • Tú (you - singular)
  • Nosotros (we - plural)
  • Vosotros (you - plural)
• Formal negative using the imperative
  • Usted (you - polite singular)
  • Ustedes (you - polite plural)
• Position of object pronouns with imperatives

Lesson

• Use cases of the conditional tense in Spanish
• Forming the conditional tense of regular verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• Conditional tense of verbs with irregular stems in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• Reflexive verbs in conditional tense
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• "No" or "not" in Spanish: positioning of "no" in a sentence
• "Nadie" in Spanish: Nobody, anyone, no one
• "Nada" in Spanish: Nothing, none, anything
• "Nunca" in Spanish: Never
• Expressions and double negatives in Spanish

Lesson

• When to use the imperfect subjunctive
  • Listening exercise
• The imperfect subjunctive: verbs ending in -ar
  • Listening exercise
• The imperfect subjunctive: verbs ending in -er and -ir
  • Listening exercise
• Irregular verbs: imperfect subjunctive in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What are prepositions?
  • Prepositions "a" and "al"
  • Prepositions "de" and "del"
  • Preposition "en"
  • Preposition "por"
  • Preposition "para" 
  • Preposition "con"
  • Preposition "desde"
  • Preposition "hacia"
  • Preposition "sobre"
  • Preposition "hasta"

Lesson

• This and these: "este", "esta", "estos", "estas" in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• That and those: "ese", "esa", "esos", "esas" in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• That and those (over there): "aquel", "aquella", "aquellos", "aquellas" in Spanish
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Preposition "por"
• Preposition "para"
• Spanish idioms and expressions using the preposition "for"

Lesson

• What are articles?
• Definite articles: "the"
  • Listening exercise
• Indefinite articles: "a", "an", "some", "a few"
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is "lo" in Spanish
• How to use "lo" in Spanish
  • Replacing the direct object 
  • Forming a new noun
  • Expressing "what" 
  • Referring back to something
  • Saying "how" to describe things
  • Listening exercise
• Common Spanish phrases using the article "lo"
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What are possessive adjectives?
• Possessive adjectives before the noun
  • Listening exercise
• Possessive adjectives after the noun
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• What is the present subjunctive?
• When to use the present subjunctive in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
• The present subjunctive: verbs ending in "-ar"
  • Listening exercise
• Present subjunctive: verbs ending in "-er" and "-ir"
  • Listening exercise
  • Conjugation of "vivir" in Spanish
• Spanish present subjunctive: irregular verbs
  • Listening exercise

Lesson

• Rules for using reflexive verbs in Spanish
  • Listening exercise
  • Expressing future actions, plans or intentions
  • Talking about feelings or emotions
  • Expressing reciprocal actions
• Conjugation of reflexive verbs using reflexive pronouns
  • Listening exercise
• List of most common reflexive verbs in Spanish